Research Article
Using ChatGPT in academic writing is (not) a form of plagiarism: What does the literature say?
More Detail
1 Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, UAE2 Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain, UAE* Corresponding Author
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(4), October 2023, e202346, https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13572
Published Online: 11 August 2023, Published: 01 October 2023
OPEN ACCESS 7046 Views 5132 Downloads
ABSTRACT
This study aims to review the existing literature on using ChatGPT in academic writing and its implications regarding plagiarism. Various databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, were searched using specific keywords related to ChatGPT in academia, academic research, higher education, academic publishing, and ethical challenges. The review provides an overview of studies investigating the use of ChatGPT in academic writing and its potential association with plagiarism. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the use and misuse of ChatGPT in academic writing, considering the growing concern regarding plagiarism in higher education. The findings suggest that ChatGPT can be a valuable writing tool; however, it is crucial to follow responsible practices to uphold academic integrity and ensure ethical use. Properly citing and attributing ChatGPT’s contribution is essential in recognizing its role, preventing plagiarism, and upholding the principles of scholarly writing. By adhering to established citation guidelines, authors can maximize ChatGPT’s benefits while maintaining responsible usage.
CITATION (APA)
Jarrah, A. M., Wardat, Y., & Fidalgo, P. (2023). Using ChatGPT in academic writing is (not) a form of plagiarism: What does the literature say?. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(4), e202346. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13572
REFERENCES
- Alkaissi, H., & McFarlane, S. I. (2023). Artificial hallucinations in ChatGPT: Implications in scientific writing. Cureus, 15(2), e35179. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35179
- Alneyadi, S., & Wardat, Y. (2023). ChatGPT: Revolutionizing student achievement in the electronic magnetism unit for eleventh-grade students in Emirates schools. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(4), ep448. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13417
- Alser, M., & Waisberg, E. (2023). Concerns with the usage of ChatGPT in academia and medicine: A viewpoint. American Journal of Medicine Open, 9, 100036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100036
- Anderson, N., Belavy, D. L., Perle, S. M., Hendricks, S., Hespanhol, L., Verhagen, E., & Memon, A. R. (2023). AI did not write this manuscript, or did it? Can we trick the AI text detector into generated texts? The potential future of ChatGPT and AI in sports & exercise medicine manuscript generation. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 9(1), e001568. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001568
- Andrews, S., Bare, L., Bentley, P., Goedegebuure, L., Pugsley, C., & Rance, B. (2016). Contingent academic employment in Australian universities. LH Martin Institute. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/404396
- Bayne, S. (2018). Teacherbot: Interventions in automated teaching. Apertura, 10(2), 140-154. https://doi.org/10.32870/ap.v10n2.1342
- Bender, E. M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S. (2021). On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 610-623). https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922
- Bom, H. S. H. (2023). Exploring the opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in academic writing: A roundtable discussion. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 57, 165-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-023-00809-2
- Cao, Y., Li, S., Liu, Y., Yan, Z., Dai, Y., Yu, P. S., & Sun, L. (2023). A comprehensive survey of AI-generated content (AIGC): A history of generative AI from GAN to ChatGPT. arXiv, 2303, 04226. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.04226
- Carrera-Rivera, A., Ochoa, W., Larrinaga, F., & Lasa, G. (2022). How-to conduct a systematic literature review: A quick guide for computer science research. MethodsX, 9, 101895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101895
- Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510.
- Chen, X., Wang, Y., Nakanishi, M., Gao, X., Jung, T.-P., & Gao, S. (2015). High-speed spelling with a noninvasive brain-computer interface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(44), E6058-E6067. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508080112
- Cotton, D. R., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
- David, E. (2023). Pausing AI might be a good idea, but companies won’t do it. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-elon-musk-pause-development-letter-never-happen-2023-4
- De Lange, C. (2015). Welcome to the bionic dawn. New Scientist, 227(3032), 24-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(15)30881-2
- Dergaa, I., Chamari, K., Zmijewski, P., & Ben Saad, H. (2023). From human writing to artificial intelligence generated text: examining the prospects and potential threats of ChatGPT in academic writing. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 615-622. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.125623
- Editorial. (2023). Why ChatGPT should not be used to write academic scientific manuscripts for publication. Annals of Family Medicine, 2958. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2982
- Frye, B. L. (2022). Should using an AI text generator to produce academic writing be plagiarism? Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, 947.
- Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2023). Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers. npj Digital Medicine, 6, 75. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6
- Gavilán, J. C. O., Díaz, D. Z., Huallpa, J. J., Cabala, J. L. B., Aguila, O. E. P., Puma, E. G. M., Vasquez-Pauca, M. J., Mansilla, E. B. R., Laura, P. A. S., & Hoces, W. B. (2022). Technological social responsibility in university professors. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 100(100), 104-118.
- Gough, D., Oliver, S., & Thomas, J. (2017). An introduction to systematic reviews. SAGE.
- Herbst-Debby, A., Kaplan, A., Endeweld, M., & Achouche, N. (2023). Adolescent employment, family income and parental divorce. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 84, 100772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100772
- Holland, M. (2023). Responsible AI helps reduce ethical, legal risks. techtarget.com. https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/news/366536672/Responsible-AI-helps-reduce-ethical-legal-risks
- Johnson, A. (2023). ChatGPT in schools: Here’s where it’s banned–And how it could potentially help students. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ariannajohnson/2023/01/18/chatgpt-in-schools-heres-where-its-banned-and-how-it-could-potentially-help-students/?sh=443643686e2c
- Khalil, M., & Er, E. (2023). Will ChatGPT get you caught? Rethinking of plagiarism detection. ArXiv, 2302, 04335. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/fnh48
- Kim, J. (2018). Are the professions (disciplines?) of educational developer and learning designer merging? Or not? Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/blogs/technology-and-learning/are-professions-disciplines-educational-eveloper
- Kübler, A., Holz, E. M., Sellers, E. W., & Vaughan, T. M. (2015). Toward independent home use of brain-computer interfaces: A decision algorithm for selection of potential end-users. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(3), S27-S32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.036
- Kumar, A. (2023). Analysis of ChatGPT tool to assess the potential of its utility for academic writing in biomedical domain. Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports, 9(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.5530/bems.9.1.5
- Macdonald, C., Adeloye, D., Sheikh, A., & Rudan, I. (2023). Can ChatGPT draft a research article? An example of population-level vaccine effectiveness analysis. Journal of Global Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.13.01003
- Mansilla, E. B. R., Castillo-Acobo, R. Y., Puma, E. G. M., Maquera, Y. M., Gonzales, J. L. A., & Vasquez-Pauca, M. M. J. (2022). Stress in university teachers in the framework of the post-pandemic face-to-face. Journal of Namibian Studies, 33(S1), 71-85.
- McCarthy, J. (2007). From here to human-level AI. Artificial Intelligence, 171(18), 1174-1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2007.10.009
- McKinsey & Company. (2023). What is generative AI? https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-generative-ai#/
- Mijwil, M. M., Hiran, K. K., Doshi, R., Dadhich, M., Al-Mistarehi, A.-H., & Bala, I. (2023). ChatGPT and the future of academic integrity in the artificial intelligence era: A new frontier. Al-Salam Journal for Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 116-127. https://doi.org/10.55145/ajest.2023.02.02.015
- Moher, D. (2019). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
- Nath, S., Marie, A., Ellershaw, S., Korot, E., & Keane, P. A. (2022). New meaning for NLP: The trials and tribulations of natural language processing with GPT-3 in ophthalmology. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 106(7), 889-892. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2022-321141
- Nicholas, D., Watkinson, A., Jamali, H. R., Herman, E., Tenopir, C., Volentine, R., Allard, S., & Levine, K. (2015). Peer review: Still king in the digital age. Learned Publishing, 28(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1087/20150104
- Niemimaa, M., & Zimmer, M. P. (2022). Are we discovering or making concepts? Performativity in concept defining. In Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (pp. 1-9).
- Okaibedi, D. (2023). ChatGPT and the rise of generative AI: Threat to academic integrity? Journal of Responsible Technology, 13, 100060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2023.100060
- Perkins, M. (2023). Academic Integrity considerations of AI large language models in the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.20.02.07
- Qasem, F. (2023). ChatGPT in scientific and academic research: future fears and reassurances. Library Hi Tech News, 40(3), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-03-2023-0043
- Rahman, M., Terano, H. J. R., Rahman, N., Salamzadeh, A., & Rahaman, S. (2023). ChatGPT and academic research: A review and recommendations based on practical examples. Journal of Education, Management and Development Studies, 3(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52631/jemds.v3i1.175
- Salvagno, M., Taccone, F. S., & Gerli, A. G. (2023). Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing? Critical Care, 27(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-023-04380-2
- Tatzel, A., & Mael, D. (2023). “Write a paper on AI plagiarism”: An analysis on ChatGPT and its impact on academic dishonesty in higher education. https://www.lasell.edu/documents/Writing%20Program/2023%20Winners/TatzelA%20100%20Level%20Winnter%202023.pdf.
- Tomlinson, B., Torrance, A. W., & Black, R. W. (2023). ChatGPT and works scholarly: Best practices and legal pitfalls in writing with AI. arXiv, 2305, 03722. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2305.03722
- Vijayakumar, S. (2023). 13 best AI essay writing tools to get A grades in 2023. Business 2 Community. https://www.business2community.com/ai/best-ai-essay-writer
- Wardat, Y., Tashtoush, M. A., AlAli, R., & Jarrah, A. M. (2023). ChatGPT: A revolutionary tool for teaching and learning mathematics. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(7), em2286. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13272
- Wen, J., & Wang, W. (2023). The future of ChatGPT in academic research and publishing: A commentary for clinical and translational medicine. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 13(3), e1207. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.1207
- Xu, Y., Liu, X., Cao, X., Huang, C., Liu, E., Qian, S., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Dong, F., Qiu, C.-W., Qiu, J., Hua, K., Su, W., Wu, J., Xu, H., Han, Y., Fu, C., Yin, Z., Liu, M., … Zhang, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research. The Innovation, 2, 100179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100179
- Yan, D. (2023). Impact of ChatGPT on learners in a L2 writing practicum: An exploratory investigation. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11742-4
- Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education-where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 1, 16-39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
- Zheng, H., & Zhan, H. (2023). ChatGPT in scientific writing: A cautionary tale. The American Journal of Medicine, 136(8), 725-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.02.011