Research Article
Understanding Saudi Millennials News Consumption in a Digital World
More Detail
1 Mass Communication Department, College of Arts, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA* Corresponding Author
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 12(3), July 2022, e202220, https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/12181
Published: 25 June 2022
OPEN ACCESS 2335 Views 1969 Downloads
ABSTRACT
Understanding news consumption among young adults in a digital era that has witnessed drastic changes is imperative. While news consumption behaviors among the younger generations have been well documented in many countries, little or no research has been conducted on this phenomenon among young people in Saudi Arabia. In this context and through the lens of uses and gratifications theory, this study looked at how young Saudis consume news on traditional and social media platforms, which media they trust the most, and if there are any gender differences related to news consumption. The study used an online survey sent to a simple random sampling (N=840) at a large public university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Different statistical analyses were conducted, including the nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-square test of independence. The study’s findings suggest that Saudi millennials heavily rely on social media platforms, such as Twitter and WhatsApp, to obtain news using their smartphones. The study also indicates that young Saudis trust traditional media more than social media, but those who are more engaged in social media perceive the news as trustworthy. Other interesting findings suggest that females use various news platforms when consuming news more than males and are interested in different news topics. The implications of this study could be valuable for researchers and organizations when communicating with young Saudis.
CITATION (APA)
Alsulaiman, S. A. (2022). Understanding Saudi Millennials News Consumption in a Digital World. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 12(3), e202220. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/12181
REFERENCES
- Althaus, S. L., & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of internet and traditional news media use in a networked community. Political Communication, 17(1), 21-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846000198495
- Austin, E. W., & Dong, Q. (1994). Source v. content effects on judgments of news believability. Journalism Quarterly, 71(4), 973-983. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100420
- Bakker, P., & Sádaba, C. (2010). The impact of the Internet on users. In L. Küng, R. G. Picard, & R. Towse (Eds.), The Internet and mass media (pp. 86-101). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446216316.n5
- Barthel, M., Grieco, E., & Shearer, E. (2019, Aug 14). Older Americans, black adults and Americans with less education more interested in local news. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2019/08/14/older-americans-black-adults-and-americans-with-less-education-more-interested-in-local-news/
- Barthel, M., Mitchell, A., Asare-Marfo, D., Kennedy, C., & Worden, K. (2020, Dec 8). Measuring news consumption in a digital era. Pew Research Center. https://www.journalism.org/2020/12/08/measuring-news-consumption-in-a-digital-era/
- BBC. (2019, Feb 25). Saudi Arabia profile- media. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703480
- Benesch, C. (2012). An empirical analysis of the gender gap in news consumption. Journal of Media Economics, 25(3), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2012.700976
- Bergström, A., & Wadbring, I. (2010). The contribution of free dailies and news on the web: Implications of media structural changes for the Swedish newspaper readership market. Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook, 8(1), 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.8.139_1
- Bialik, K., & Masta, K. E. (2017, Oct 4). Key trends in social and digital news media. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/10/04/key-trends-in-social-and-digital-news-media/
- Brenan, M. (2019, Sep 26). Americans’ trust in mass media edges down to 41%. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/267047/americans-trust-mass-media-edges-down.aspx
- Brenan, M. (2020, Sep 30). Americans remain distrustful of mass media. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/321116/americans-remain-distrustful-mass-media.aspx
- Dennis, E., Martin, J., & Wood, R. (2015). Media use in the Middle East 2015: A six-nation survey. Northwestern University. https://www.qatar.northwestern.edu/research/publications/2015-media-use-middle-east.html
- Elvestad, E., & Blekesaune, A. (2008). Newspaper readers in Europe: A multilevel study of individual and national differences. European Journal of Communication, 23(4), 425-447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323108096993
- Fuller, J. (2010). What is happening to news: The information explosion and the crisis in journalism. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226268996.001.0001
- Gaziano, C., & McGrath, K. (1986). Measuring the concept of credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 63(3), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908606300301
- General Authority for Statistics. (2018). Bulletin of individuals and households’ ICT access and usage survey 2018. https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/bulletin_of_individuals_and_households_ict_2018.pdf
- General Authority for Statistics. (2019). Statistical library: Important statistical indicators. https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/indicators
- Gramlich, J. (2020, Jan 24). Q& A: How pew research center evaluated Americans’ trust in 30 news sources. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/24/qa-how-pew-research-center-evaluated-americans-trust-in-30-news-sources/
- Hellmueller, L., & Trilling, D. (2012). The credibility of credibility measures: A meta-analysis in leading communication journals, 1951 to 2011. In Proceedings of the WAPOR 65th Annual Conference.
- Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15, 635-650. https://doi.org/10.1086/266350
- Kalogeropoulos, A., Suiter, J., Udris, L., & Eisenegger, M. (2019). News media trust and news consumption: Factors related to trust in news in 35 countries. International Journal of Communication, 13, 3672-3693.
- Katz, E., Blumler, J., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
- Kohring, M., & Matthes, J. (2007). Trust in news media: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Communication Research, 34(2), 231-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650206298071
- Lee, A. M., & Chyi, H. I. (2014). Motivational consumption model: Exploring the psychological structure of news use. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 91(4), 706-724. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699014550088
- Magsamen-Conrad, K., Dowd, J., Abuljadail, M., Alsulaiman, S., & Shareefi, A. (2015). Life-span differences in the uses and gratifications of tablets: Implications for older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.024
- McGrath, K. (2003). Newspaper research. In G. H. Stempel, D. H. Weaver, & G. C. Wilhoit (Eds.), Mass communication research and theory (pp. 30-52). Pearson Education Inc.
- Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT). (2019). Facebook and Twitter top in number of users: Over 18 million users of social media programs and applications in Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. https://www.mcit.gov.sa/en/media-center/news/89698
- Menon, D. (2022). Uses and gratifications of educational apps: A study during COVID-19 pandemic. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100076
- Meyer, P. (1988). Defining and measuring credibility of newspapers: Developing an index. Journalism Quarterly, 65(3), 567-574. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908806500301
- Mitchell, A. (2016, Jul 7). Key findings on the traits and habits of the modern news consumer. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/07/modern-news-consumer/
- Mitchell, A., Gottfried, J., Barthel, M., Shearer, E. (2016, Jul 7). The modern news media: News attitudes and practices in the digital era. Pew Research Center. https://www.journalism.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2016/07/PJ_2016.07.07_Modern-News-Consumer_FINAL.pdf
- Mitchell, A., Simmons, K., Masta, K., & Silver L. (2018, Jan 11). Publics globally wanted unbiased news coverage, but are divided on whether their news media deliver. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018/01/11/publics-globally-want- unbiased-news-coverage-but-are-divided-on-whether-their-news-media-deliver/
- Newman, N., & Fletcher, R. (2017). Bias, bullshit and lies: Audience perspectives on low trust in the media. Reuters Institute, University of Oxford. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3173579
- Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2019). Digital news report 2019. Reuters Institute, University of Oxford. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/digital-news-report-2019
- Northwestern University in Qatar. (2017). Media use in the Middle East, 2017. https://www.qatar.northwestern.edu/research/publications/2017-media-use-middle-east.html
- Pai, P., & Arnott, D. C. (2013). User adoption of social networking sites: Eliciting uses and gratifications through a means-end approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1039-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.025
- Park, N., Kim, Y. C., Shon, H. Y., & Shim, H. (2013). Factors influencing smartphone use and dependency in South Korea. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1763-1770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.008
- Pew Research Center. (2012, September 27). In changing news landscape, even television is vulnerable. https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2012/09/27/in-changing-news-landscape-even-television-is-vulnerable/
- Pew Research Center. (2022). News media and habits. https://www.journalism.org/
- Pollard, M. S., & Kavanagh, J. (2019). Profiles of news consumption: Platform choices, perceptions of reliability, and partisanship. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4212.html
- Ritter, Z. (2020, May 21). Americans use of social media for COVID-19 info, connection. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/311360/americans-social-media-covid-information- connection.aspx
- Rosentiel, T. (2008, Feb 6). Where men and women differ in following the news. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/2008/02/06/where-men-and-women-differ-in-following-the-news/
- Severin, W. J., & Tankard, J. W. (1997). Communication theories: Origins, methods, and uses in the mass media. Longman.
- Shearer, E. & Matsa, K. (2018, Sep 10). News use across social media platforms 2018. Pew Research Center. https://www.journalism.org/2018/09/10/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2018/
- Shearer, E. (2018, Dec 10). Social outpaces print newspapers in the U.S. as a news source. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/10/social-media-outpaces-print-newspapers-in-the-u-s-as-a-news-source/
- Shearer, E. (2021, Jan 12). More than eight-in-ten Americans get news from digital devices. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/01/12/more-than-eight-in-ten-americans-get-news-from-digital-devices/
- Shoemaker, P. J. (1996). Hardwired for news: Using biological and cultural evolution to explain the surveillance function. Journal of Communication, 46(3), 32-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01487.x
- West, M. D. (1994). Validating a scale for the measurement of credibility: a covariance structure modeling approach. Journalism Quarterly, 71(1), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100115
- Yuan, E. (2011). News consumption across multiple media platforms: A repertoire approach. Information, Communication & Society, 14(7), 998-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.549235